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1 ἀγών
ἀγών [ᾰ], ῶνος, ὁ, [dialect] Aeol. [full] ἄγωνος, ου, ὁ, Alc.121 (also [name] E.ap.Sch.Il. Oxy.1087.60); Elean dat. pl.A : ([etym.] ἄγω):—gathering, assembly,ἵζανεν εὐρὺν ἀ. Il.23.258
;λῦτο δ' ἀ. 24.1
, cf. Od.8.200;νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι Il.15.428
, cf. Eust.1335.57: esp. assembly met to see games, freq. in Il.23; Ὑπερβορέων ἀ. Pi P.10.30;κοινοὺς ἀ. θέντες A. Ag. 845
.2 place of contest, lists, course,βήτην ἐς μέσσον ἀ. Il.23.685
, cf. 531, Od.8.260, Hes.Sc. 312, Pi.P.9.114, and esp. Th.5.50: prov., ἔξω ἀγῶνος out of the lists or course, i.e. beside the mark, Pi. P.1.44, Luc.Anach.21: pl.,κατ' ἀγῶνας Od.8.259
.II assembly of the Greeks at the national games,ὁ ἐν Ὀλυμπίῃ ἀ. Hdt.6.127
;ὁ Ὀλυμπικὸς ἀ. Ar.Pl. 583
;Ἑλλάδος πρόσχημ' ἀ. S.El. 682
, cf. 699:— hence, contest for a prize at the games, ἀ. γυμνικός, ἱππικός, μουσικός, Hdt.2.91, Pl.Lg. 658a, Ar.Pl. 1163, cf. Th.3.104;οἱ τῶν λαμπάδων ἀ. Arist.Ath.57.1
; ἀ. τῶν ἀνδρῶν contest in which the chorus was composed of men, opp. to παίδων or ἀγενείων (q.v.), D.21.18, etc.; ἀ. στεφανηφόρος or στεφανίτης contest where the prize is a crown, Hdt.5.102, Arist.Rh. 1357a19; ἀ. χάλκεος, where it is a shield of brass, Pi.N.10.22;ἀ. θεματικός IG14.739
([place name] Naples);ἀργυρίτης δωρίτης Plu.2.820d
:—hence many phrases, ἀγῶνα καταστῆσαι establish a contest, Isoc.4.1;τιθέναι Hdt.5.8
;ποιεῖν Th.3.104
;οὐ λόγων τοὺς ἀ. προθήσοντες Id.3.67
;προηγόρευέ τε ἀγῶνας καὶ ἆθλα προυτίθει X. Cyr.8.2.26
;προκαλούμενος ἑαυτὸν εἰς ἀ. Id.Mem.2.3.17
; τοὺς ἀ. νικᾶν ib.3.7.1;ἐν τοῖς ἀγῶσι Isoc.15.301
; of contests in general,εἰς ἀ. λόγων ἀφικέσθαι τινί Pl.Prt. 335a
; πρὸς τίν' ἀγῶνας τιθέμεσθ' ἀρετῆς; E. Ion 863 (lyr.);ἀ. σοφίας Ar.Ra. 883
.III generally, struggle, πολλοὺς ἀ. ἐξιών, of Hercules, S.Tr. 159;ξιφηφόρος ἀ. A.Ch. 584
;εἰς ἀ. τῷδε συμπεσὼν μάχης S.Tr.20
, etc;ὁ Φίλιππος, πρὸς ὀν ἦν ἡμῖν ὁ ἀ. D.18.67
;ποιέειν ἢ παθεῖν πρόκειται ἀ. Hdt.7.11
; ἀληθείην ἀσκέειν ἀ. μέγιστος ib. 209: pl.,πραγμάτων ἀγῶνας κεκτημένων Epicur.Sent.21
;ἄπορος ἀ. Lys.7.2
;ὅπλων ἔκειτ' ἀ. πέρι S.Aj. 936
; and without περί, τῶν Ἀχιλλείων ὅπλων ἀ. ib. 1240; ψυχῆς ἀ. τὸν προκείμενον πέρι struggle for life and death, E.Or. 847, cf. Ph. 1330;πολλοὺς ἀ. δραμέονται περὶ σφέων αὐτῶν Hdt.8.102
;λόγων γὰρ οὐ.. ἁγών, ἀλλὰ σῆς ψυχῆς πέρι S.El. 1492
, cf.infr.5.2 battle, action, Th.2.89, etc.3 action at law, trial, Antipho 6.21, etc., cf. A.Eu. 677, 744; , R. 494e;περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς εἰς ἀγῶνα καταστῆσαί τινα X.Lac.8.4
.4 speech delivered in court or before an assembly or ruler,πρεσβευτικοὶ ἀ. Plb.9.32.4
;τοὺς ἐπιφανεστάτους εἰρηκότος ἀ. τούς τε δικανικοὺς καὶ τοὺς δημηγορικούς D.H.Amm.1.3
, cf. OGI567 (Attalia, ii A.D.);ἀ. ἐσχηματισμένοι D.H. Rh.8.1
, al.b Rhet., main argument of a speech (opp.προοίμιον, ἐπίλογος), in pl., Syr.in Hermog.2.111, 170R., cf. Proll. Hermog.ap. Rh.4.12 W.5 metaph., οὐ λόγων ἔθ' ἁγών now is not the time for words, E.Ph. 588; οὐχ ἕδρας ἀ. 'tis no time for sitting still, Id.Or. 1291; ἀ. πρόφασιν οὐ δέχεται the crisis admits no dallying, Ar.Fr. 331, cf. Pl.Cra. 421d, Lg. 751d; μέγας ὁ ἀ... τὸ χρηστὸν ἢ κακὸν γενέσθαι the issue is great.., Id.R. 608b, cf. E.Med. 235; οὐ περί τινος ὁ ἀ. the question is not about.., Th.3.44.6 mental struggle, anxiety, Th.7.71, Plb.4.56.4, Ep.Col.2.1: in pl.,τρόμοι καὶ ἀ. Plu. Sol.7
.b of speakers, vehemence, power, Longin.15.1, cf. 26.3.IV personified, Ἀγών, divinity of the contest, Paus.5.26.3. -
2 ἀγών
ἀγών ( ἄγω): (1) assembly, esp. to witness games, ἵζανεν ( Ἀχιλλεύς), Il. 23.258, λῦτο, Il. 24.1, then contest, games, Od. 8.259.— (2) assemblage or place of assemblage, of the ships, νεῶν ἐν ἀγῶνι (the Greek camp), Il. 16.500 ; θεῖος, ‘of the gods,’ Il. 18.376, but Il. 7.298 of the ‘temple-hall,’ containing the statues of the gods.— (3) place or scene of combat, arena, including the space occupied by the spectators, Il. 23.531.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἀγών
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3 λύω
λύω, poet. imper.Aλῦθι Pi.Fr.85
: [tense] fut. λύσω [ῡ] Il.1.29, etc.: [tense] aor.ἔλῡσα 18.244
, etc.: [tense] pf.λέλῠκα Th.7.18
, Ar.V. 992 ( ἀπο-), etc.:— [voice] Pass., [tense] pf.λέλῠμαι Il.8.103
, etc.: [tense] plpf. ἐλελύμην [ῠ] Od.22.186, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐλύθην, [dialect] Ep. λύθην [ῠ] 8.360, E.Hel. 860, Th.2.103, etc.: [tense] fut. , Isoc.12.116, etc., also λελύσομαι [ῡ] D.14.2, X. Cyr.6.2.37 ( ἀπο-): [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. λύμην [ῠ] Il.21.80; λύτο [ῠ] ib. 114, butλῦτο 24.1
(at beginning of line, v.l. λύτο);λύντο 7.16
: also [ per.] 3sg. opt. [tense] pf.λελῦτο Od.18.238
:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.λύσομαι Il.1.13
, etc.: [tense] aor.ἐλυσάμην 14.214
: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. λέλῦμαι in med. sense, D.36.45, Arist.Rh. 1400a22 (cf. δια-, κατα-λύω): [tense] fut. λύσομαι in pass. sense, ( δια-) Th.2.12, ( ἐπι-) Lys.25.33 codd. ( καταλύσεσθαι edd.), ( κατα-) X.Cyr.1.6.9.—Homer uses all tenses exc. [tense] pf. [voice] Act., [tense] pres. and [tense] fut. [voice] Pass. [In [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. [pron. full] ῡ always in [dialect] Att., [pron. full] ῠ mostly in [dialect] Ep., though Hom. has [pron. full] ῡ twice,ἔλῡεν Il.23.513
, λῡει Od.7.74; also in compds.,ἀλλῡεσκεν 2.105
, ἀλλῡουσαν ib. 109: in [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. 1 [pron. full] ῡ always: in other tenses [pron. full] ῠ always, exc. in the forms λελῦτο, λῦτο (v. supr.).] (Cf. Lat. luo (pay), re-luo, solvo (for se-luo), solūtus, etc.):— loosen:I of things, unbind, unfasten, esp. clothes and armour, λῦσε δέ οἱ ζωστῇρα, θώρηκα, Il.4.215, 16.804; λ. παρθενίην ζώνην loose the maiden-girdle, of the husband after marriage, Od. 11.245; of the wife,λύοι χαλινὸν ὑφ' ἥρωϊ παρθενίας Pi.I.8(7).48
; ; soἔλυσας.. ἅγνευμα σόν Id.Tr. 501
; freq. of the tackling of ships, λ. πρυμνήσια, ἱστία, λαῖφος, etc., Od.2.418, 15.496, 552, h.Ap. 406, etc. (never in Il.); λ. πρύμνας, νεῶν πόδα, E.Hec. 539, 1020, etc.: abs., λύειν, of ships, set sail,λῦε, κυβερνήτα APl.1.6
*.9 ([place name] Panteleus); ἀσκὸν λ. untie a skin (used as a bag), Od.10.47: freq. in Trag., λ. στολάς, πέπλον, S.OC 1597, Tr. 924; λ. ἡνίαν slacken the rein, Id.El. 743; κλῄθρων λυθέντων when the gates have been opened, A.Th. 396; λ. γράμματα, δέλτον, open a letter, E.IA38 (anap.), 307; λ. πέδας, δεσμά, A.Eu. 645 ([voice] Pass.), E.HF 1123; ; ἀρτάνας.. δέρης ἔλυσαν loosed it from my neck, ib. 876, cf. E.Hipp. 781:—[voice] Med., ἀπὸ στήθεσφιν ἐλύσατο κεστὸν ἱμάντα undid her belt, Il.14.214; but λύοντο τεύχεα they undid the armour for themselves, i.e. stripped it off (others), 17.318; later λυσαμένα πλοκαμῖδας unbinding her hair, Bion 1.20, etc.b in various phrases, στόμα λ. open the mouth, E.Hipp. 1060, Isoc.12.96;γλώσσας λ. εἰς αἰσχροὺς μύθους Critias 6.9
D.; λ. βλεφάρων ἕδραν wake up, E.Rh.8 (anap.); λ. ὀφρύν unfold the brow, Id.Hipp. 290;λ. ἄχος ἀπ' ὀμμάτων S.Aj. 706
(lyr.), etc.2 of living beings,a of horses, etc., unyoke, unharness, opp. ζεύγνυμι, Od.4.35; ἐξ ὀχέων, ὑπὲξ ὀχέων, Il.5.369,8.504;ὑφ' ἅρμασιν 18.244
;ὑπὸ ζυγοῦ Od.4.39
:ὑπὸ ζυγόφιν Il.24.576
;ὑπ' ἀπήνης Od.7.6
(also in [voice] Med., μὴ.. ὑπ' ὄχεσφι λυώμεθα μώνυχας ἵππους unyoke our horses, Il. 23.7; ); λύε μώνυχας ἵππους loosed them, Il.10.498; λ. κύνα let him loose, X.Cyn.6.13, etc.b of men, release, deliver, esp. from bonds or prison, and so, generally, from difficulty or danger, Il.15.22, Od.8.345, 12.53, D.24.206, etc.; ὁ λύσων he that shall deliver, A.Pr. 771, 785: c. gen. rei,τὸν.. θεοὶ κακότητος ἔλυσαν Od.5.397
, cf. Pi.P.3.50, etc.;λ. τινὰ δεσμῶν A.Pr. 1006
; ;τὼ.. ἐκ δεσμοῖο λύθεν Od.8.360
, cf. Pi.O.4.23, A.Pr. 873, E.Hipp. 1244, Pl.R. 360c; also λ. δόμους ἁβρότατος rob the house of.., Pi.P.11.34; λ. τινὰ τῆς ἀρχῆς depose him from.., D.S.13.92:—[voice] Med., prop. get one loosed or set free,λύσασθαί τινα δυσφροσυνάων Hes.Th. 528
;ὅσπερ Ἰὼ πημονᾶς ἐλύσατο A.Supp. 1065
(lyr.):—[voice] Pass.,λυθῆναι τὰς πέδας D.S.17.116
; λέλυται γὰρ λαὸς ἐλεύθερα βάζειν, ὡς ἐλύθη ζυγὸν ἀλκᾶς has been let loose to speak, since the yoke was loosed, A.Pers. 592 (lyr.).c of prisoners, release on receipt of ransom, admit to ransom, release, Il.1.29, 24.137, 555, etc.;λ. τινά τινι 1.20
, 24.561, Od.10.298; Σαρπηδόνος ἔντεα καλὰ λύσειαν would give them up, Il.17.163; in full,λ. τινὰ ἀποίνων 11.106
;χρημάτων μεγάλων Hdt.2.135
([voice] Pass.);ἀνὴρ ἀντ' ἀνδρὸς λυθείς Th.5.3
:—[voice] Med., release by payment of ransom, get a person released, redeem, Il.1.13, 24.118, al., Od.10.284, 385, Pl.Mx. 243c, D.19.229;λύσασθαί τινας ἐκ πολεμίων Lys.12.20
;ἵππον X.An.7.8.6
;ὅσους αὐτὸς ἐλυσάμην τῶν αἰχμαλώτων D.19.169
;λ. τινὶ τὸ χωρίον Id.50.28
; ἑαυτοὺς λ. pay their own ransom, Id.19.169; buy from a pimp, Ar.V. 1353.d λελύσθαι τῶν νόμων, = Lat. legibus solvi, D.C.53.18.II resolve a whole into its parts, dissolve, break up, λ. ἀγορήν dissolve the assembly, Il.1.305;ἀγορὰς ἠμὲν λύει ἠδὲ καθίζει Od.2.69
, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,λῦτο δ' ἀγών Il.24.1
;μὴ λυθείη ἡ στρατιά X.Cyr.6.1.2
; πρὶν <ἂν>.. ἡ ἀγορὰ ( market)λυθῇ Id.Oec. 12.1
;λυθείσης τῆς συνουσίας Plb.5.15.3
.2 of concrete objects, σπάρτα λέλυνται, i. e. have rotted, Il.2.135;ῥαφαὶ δ' ἐλέλυντο ἱμάντων Od.22.186
; λ. τὴν σχεδίην break it up, Hdt.4.97; [ τὴν γέφυραν] X. An.2.4.17; τὴν ἀπόφραξιν ib.4.2.25.3 esp. of physical strength, loosen, i. e. weaken, relax, λῦσε δὲ γυῖα made his limbs slack or loose, i. e. killed him, Il.4.469, al.;ὅς τοι γούνατ' ἔλυσα 22.335
; , etc.;ἀλλά οἱ αὖθι λῦσε μένος 16.332
;πέλεκυς λῦσεν.. βοὸς μένος Od.3.450
, cf. Il.17.29; but οἵ μοι καμάτῳ.. γούνατ' ἔλυσαν made my knees weak with toil, Od.20.118:—[voice] Pass., λύντο δὲ γυῖα, etc., as the effect of death, sleep, weariness, fear, Il. 7.16, etc.;καμάτῳ φίλα γυῖα λέλυντο 13.85
, cf. Od.8.233;αὐτοῦ λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ Il.21.114
, 425;λύθη ψυχή τε μένος τε 5.296
, etc.;λύθεν δέ οἱ ἅψεα πάντα Od.4.794
, 18.189;λέλυται γυίων ῥώμη A.Pers. 913
(anap.);λύεται δέ μου μέλη E.Hec. 438
;λέλυμαι μελέων σύνδεσμα Id.Hipp. 199
(anap.).b λύει βλέφαρα closes her eyes in sleep, S.Ant. 1302.c metaph.,λ. τὴν ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς πρὸς μάχην παρασκευήν X.HG7.5.22
.4 undo, bring to naught, destroy,πολίων κάρηνα Il.9.25
;Τροίης κρήδεμνα 16.100
, Od.13.388, cf. B.Fr.16.7: generally, put an end to,νείκεα Il.14.205
;μελεδήματα 23.62
;ἔριν E.Ph.81
, AP9.316.12 (Leon.);πόλεμον Th.5.31
;ἐπιμομφάν Pi.O.10(11).9
;μέμψιν Democr.271
; ; φόβον καὶ τὴν ὑποψίαν Polystr.p.7 W., cf. Epicur.Sent.12; ;ἀνάγκας E.Supp.39
; βίον, i.e. die, Id.IT 692; αἰῶν' ἔλυσε, i.e. died, B.1.43;λ. τὸ τέλος βίον S.OC 1720
(lyr.); μαχας Ar. Pax 991 (anap.);νοσήματα Diocl.Fr.35
([voice] Pass.), cf. Gal.6.476;κόπους Dsc.Eup.1.220
; forgive,ἁμαρτήματα LXXJb.42.9
.b in Prose, λ. νόμους repeal or annul laws, Hdt.3.82, D.3.10, Arist.Pol. 1269a15; οὐθὲν τῶν περὶ τὴν πολιτείαν ib. 1298b31;λ. ψήφῳ τὸ παράνομον Aeschin. 3.197
([voice] Pass.), etc.;ἐπεὶ ἐκεῖνοι ἔλυσαν τὰς σπονδὰς λελύσθαι μοι δοκεῖ ἡ ἐκείνων ὕβρις καὶ ἡ ἡμετέρα ὑποψία X.An.3.1.21
; rescind a vote,ψῆφον λύει ὁ νόμος D.24.2
; revoke a will,διαθήκην Is.6.33
, etc. (but in [voice] Pass., to be opened, of a will, POxy.715.19 (ii A. D.), etc.); unbind a spell, Iamb.Myst.3.27:—[voice] Pass., λέλυται πάντα all ties are broken, all is in confusion, D.25.25.c as a technical term, solve a difficulty, a problem, a question,λύεται ἡ ἀπορία Pl.Prt. 324e
, al.;λ. ζήτημα Gal.6.436
.f λ. τὴν φάσιν, of the Moon, pass out of, Vett. Val.134.1, cf. 2.5 break a legal agreement or obligation,τὸν νόμον Hdt.6.106
;τὰς σπονδάς Th.1.23
, 78, cf. 4.23, al.;τὰ συγκείμενα Lys.6.41
; σίς κε τὰς ϝρήτας τάσδε λύση whoso breaks this agreement, Inscr.Cypr.135.29 H.6 in physical sense, dissolve, λύθεν, opp. πάγεν, Emp.15.4; τὸ θερμὸν λύει, opp. πήγνυσι, Arist.Mete. 384b11, cf. 382b33 ([voice] Pass.);ἀμμωνιακὸν ὄξει λύσας Gal.11.106
; melt,παγείσας χιόνας Hdn.8.4.2
;τι πυρὶ λ. Hippiatr.52
.7 of medicines,λ. τὴν κοιλίαν Arist.Pr. 863b29
, cf. Hp.Acut.(Sp.)38, Diocl.Fr.140; so of the effects of terror, Arist.Pr. 877a32 ([voice] Pass.).IV atone for, make up for,τὰς πρότερον ἁμαρτίας Ar.Ra.
691;λύσων ὅσ' ἐξήμαρτον S.Ph. 1224
;λ. φόνον φόνῳ Id.OT 101
, E. Or. 511;αἱ πρόσοδοι λύουσι τἀναλώματα Diph.32.5
:—[voice] Med.,τῶν πάλαι πεπραγμένων λύσασθ' αἷμα.. δίκαις A.Ch. 804
(lyr.).V μισθὸν λύειν pay wages in full, quit oneself of them, used only in cases of obligation, X.Ages.2.31.2 τέλη λύειν, = λυσιτελεῖν, pay, profit. avail, ἔνθα μὴ τέλη λύει φρονοῦντι where it boots not to be wise, S.OT 316: but more freq. λύει without τέλη, construed like λυσιτελεῖ, abs.,λύει δ' ἄλγος E.Med. 1362
, cf. PSI4.400.16: c. dat. pers., , cf.Hipp. 441: c. inf., πῶς οὖν λύει.. ἐπιβάλλειν; Id.Med. 1112 (anap.); ἐμοί τελύειτοῖσιμέλλουσιν τέκνοις τὰ ζῶντ' ὀνῆσαι it is good for me to benefit my living children by means of those to come, ib. 566; (ii B.C.): c. acc. et inf., λύει γὰρ ἡμᾶς οὐδέν, οὐδ' ἐπωφελεῖ,.. θανεῖν it is not expedient that we should die ( οὐδ' ἐπωφελεῖ being parenthetic), S.El. 1005;οὐ γάρ με λύει.. κακορροθεῖσθαι E.Sthen.Prol.35
; cf. λυσιτελέω. -
4 λύω
λύω, ipf. ἔλυον, λύε, fut. λύσω, aor. ἔλῦσα, λῦσεν, mid. aor. ἐλύσαο, inf. λύσασθαι, aor. 2, w. pass. signif., λύτο, λύντο, pass. perf. λέλυμαι, opt. λελῦτο, aor. λύθη, 3 pl. λύθεν: I. act., loose, loosen, set free, of undoing garments, ropes, Il. 4.215, Od. 11.245, Od. 2.415; unharnessing horses, Od. 4.35; of freeing from bonds or captivity (said of the captor), Il. 1.20; pass., of anything giving way, coming apart, Il. 2.135, Od. 22.186; fig., in senses answering to those enumerated, τινὰ κακότητος, ‘deliver’ from misery; ἀγορήν, ‘dismiss’; so λύτο δ' ἀγών; and with reference to emotion, or fainting, death, λύτο γούνατα καὶ φίλον ἦτορ, ‘gave way,’ ‘sank,’ ‘quaked’ (sometimes the act., Od. 20.118); of sleep ‘relaxing’ the limbs, or ‘dissolving’ cares, Od. 4.794, Il. 23.62; of ‘undoing’ (destroying) cities, Il. 2.118.—III. mid., loose or undo oneself, Od. 9.463, or something of one's own, get loosed or released, ransom; λῦσόμενος θύγατρα, said of the father, Il. 1.13; cf. the act., v. 20.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > λύω
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